Spinacia oleracea leaves provide iron, chlorophyll, carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and K. The high mineral content supports haemolymph oxygenation, moulting, and skeletal strength. Spinach is also rich in lutein and zeaxanthin, pigments that contribute to green colour expression and antioxidant defence in shrimp. Its fibre improves gut health and nutrient assimilation.